HAV IgG
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To determine if viral hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis A virus, hepatitis A testing looks for certain antibodies. Antibodies are substances made by the immune system in response to infection with a virus such as hepatitis A.
Hepatitis A testing looks for two types of antibodies. Antibodies are part of the body?s protective response to a viral infection, and hepatitis A virus antibodies may be measured by a few different tests:
Hepatitis A immunoglobulin M (IgM anti-HAV) antibody test: When a person is first infected with hepatitis A, the body produces IgM anti-HAV antibodies. These antibodies are usually detectable from two weeks after symptoms begin to around six months later.
Hepatitis A immunoglobulin G (IgG anti-HAV) antibody test: The IgG anti-HAV antibody test detects IgG antibodies that develop later in the course of the disease. IgG antibodies are detectable in the body for life, providing protection against a future hepatitis A virus infection. The IgG anti-HAV test is used to detect past HAV infections and may occasionally be used to determine if an individual has developed immunity from a previous infection or vaccination.
Total hepatitis A antibody test: The total HAV antibody test detects both IgM and IgG antibodies and thus is used to identify both current and past infections.
Although testing the blood for HAV antibodies is the gold standard for identifying a hepatitis A infection, other tests may be ordered that instead look for the genetic material of the hepatitis A virus. This type of testing, also called nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), can detect traces of hepatitis A in a patient?s stool, blood, body fluids, and liver tissue.
In many cases, specific hepatitis A testing occurs along with or after blood tests that measure liver function. These tests may include a broad panel of tests, called a liver panel. The measurements in a liver panel can provide information about liver function and inflammation. While these tests can suggest viral hepatitis, they cannot identify the specific virus, which is why antibody testing may be prescribed to confirm the underlying cause.
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